However, success stories are scarce (Thomas et al., 2009). Tools implemented include ecological networks (Kietzka et al., 2015), population viability analysis (Melosik et al., 2018), population genetic assessment (Mongue et al., 2016 Melosik et al., 2018), captive breeding (Pearce-Kelly et al., 1998), reintroduction and reinforcement of populations (Oates & Warren, 1990 Thomas et al., 2009) and habitat recreation (Woodcock et al., 2012). Insect conservation relies on a well-developed theoretical and methodological basis (Samways, 1994, 2005, 2019 New, 2009 Samways et al., 2010). recent progress and lessons learned in the last two decades. We highlight historical background information vs. Here, we review the biological knowledge about the European stag beetle ( Lucanus cervus L., 1758), in which recent advances have improved the basis for successful conservation. Conservation of such species is often based on guessing, natural history, expert opinion or knowledge imported from species with hopefully similar ecology and threats. However, such evidence is lacking for many insects of conservation concern (Nieto & Alexander, 2010) due to poor knowledge of their ecology (Cardoso et al., 2011).
The stag beetle is one of the few European saproxylic organisms that can engage the broad public through outreach activities and therefore its role as an umbrella species should be promoted.Ĭonservation of a threatened species should be based on precise knowledge on distribution, reasons and magnitude of decline, identification of threats – e.g., risks derived from demographic and genetic stochasticity – and monitoring programs to assess the conservation status (Caughley, 1994 Frankham et al., 2004 Lindenmayer & Burgman, 2005). Lessons learned include the need to solve taxonomic problems and to target methodological bottlenecks.Stag beetle conservation would benefit from a better understanding of larval demography, quantification of microhabitat requirements, landscape genetics and quantification of historical and current threats.Monitoring protocols have been developed that will allow to assess conservation status and actual decline. Dependence on large old-growth forest has given place to a more complex picture of habitat use along the distribution range of this species. Recent progress in the last two decades has been made in solving taxonomic problems, as well as in habitat description through radiotelemetry and habitat models.A review of the biological and ecological literature about this species identified an exponential increase in both total and peer-reviewed articles after Natura 2000 regulations.Here, we review the biological knowledge about the European stag beetle ( Lucanus cervus), in which recent advances are improving the basis for successful conservation. Reliable information for the conservation of many insects is lacking due to a poor knowledge of their ecology.
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